Accounting machine



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Filed Dec. 6, 1939 17 Sheets-Sheet ll INVENTOR ATTORNEY April 11, 1944. J. w. BRYCE ACCOUNTING MACHINE Filed Dec. 6, 1939 17 Sheets-Sheet l2 INVENT R W if! A'ITORNEY- April 1944- J. w. BRYCE ACCOUNTING MACHINE l7 Sheets-Sheet 15 Filed Dec. 6, 1939 ATTORNEY w w M FIG. 22.

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ATTORNEY April 1944- J. w. BRYCE 2,346,250

ACCOUNTING MACHINE 7 Filed Dec. 6, 1939 17 Sheets-Sheet l6 AMP4 I I l I I l L ENTRY (d/VIM! AM? 0 p5 PSW 0 as was ATTORNEY Patented Apr. 11, 1944 ACCOUNTING MACHINE James W. Bryce, Glen Ridge, N. J., assignor to International Business Machin es Corporation,

New York, N. Y., a corporation of New York Application December 6, 1939, Serial No. 307,740

8 Claims.

This, invention relates generally to balance recording and reading devices and more speciflcally to balance entering mechanism coordinated with automatic ledger sheet feeding control, so that balance amounts may be represented in code on a ledger sheet and sensed thereon as the sheet reaches a posting position and thereby entered into an accumulator in which other items are added from record cards for the formation of a new balance. New balances are not only printed numerically, but also in code so that the sheet may be analyzed later when reinserted for the addition or subtraction of other items.

An object of the invention is the provision of code marking and photoelectric reading devices for representing and analyzing printed amounts.

Another object of the invention is the provision of improved automatic means for reading positive or negative old balance amounts and adding said amounts in an accumulator, so that other credit and debit amounts may be added thereto or subtracted therefrom to form a new balance amount.

A further object of the invention is the provision of controls for automatically coordinating balance printing, reading and accumulating devices with ledger sheet feeding controls. The devices are incorporated in a record controlled machine wherein the records are arranged in groups and group control devices detect changes in group designations on the records. After the entry of the last item associated with a certain ledger account, a group change is detected, a total printing cycle is initiated and the ledger sheet is ejected. Before ejection, the total or balance amount is printed numerically and represented in code below the series of item recordings on the sheet. Marginal feed control perforations are punched in the sheet as item entering takes place, and after the sheet is ejected, it may be reinserted and, through controls cooperating with said marginal perforations, be brought into the proper posting position wherein the code marks are analyzed before printing is resumed directly under the previously recorded old balance. Upon reinsertion, the sheet is brought to the posting position before the balance reading devices become efiective, and they in turn, after completion of the balance reading and accumulating operation, call into operation the card feeding and item entering controls.

Another object of the invention is the pros vision of controls for suspending card feeding operations during ledger sheet feeding, balance reading and accumulating operations.

Another object of the invention is the provision of means for initiating a code reading operation as an incident to the location of a ledger sheet in a posting position.

A still further object of the invention is the provision of photoelectric devices for printing and reading a code mark designating the posiive and negative nature of a balance, and controls operated thereby for conditioning an accumulator for adding or subtracting operations.

Other objects of the invention will be pointed out in the following description and claims and illustrated in the accompanying drawings, which disclose, by way of example, the principle of the invention and the best mode, which has been contemplated, of applying that principle.

In the drawings:

Fig. 1 is a side elevation view of the card feeding and analyzing mechanism showing the card feed declutching devices.

Fig. 1a is a detailed view of the controlling devices of the accumulator resetting mechanism.

Fig. 1b is a central section of the essential elements of the printing mechanism.

Fig. 2 is a plan view of the motor and feeding control mechanisms associated with the p1aten.

Fig. 3 is a right elevation view of the punch frame slide release and the punch operating mechanism, the parts being shown with the platen in a raised position.

Fig. 3a is an isometric view showing the mannerin which the platen is attached to a pivoting member.

Fig. 4 is a right side elevation view of the punch operating mechanism with the platen in a lowered position.

Fig. 5 is a front sectional view out through the platen and the sliding frame containing the sensing light deflecting mirror and the punch.

Fig. 6 is a view taken along the line 6-6 in Fig. 5 and shows the punch and the chip ejecting chamber.

Fig. '7 is a front elevation view of the punch frame shown with the platen in a raised position.

Fig. 8 is a front elevation view of thepunch frame with the platen shown in a lowered position.

Fig. 9 shows a portion of a perforated record card.

Fig. 10 shows a ledger sheet bearing five lines or print, two of which are balance indicating assume Fig. 12 is a right elevation view of the driving mechanism partly in section taken along the line i2-I2 in Fig. 11.

Fig. 13 is a right sectional view taken along the lines |3-l3 in Fig. 11 and showing the line spacing and platen lifting mechanisms.

Fig. 14 is a left elevation view in a section taken on line I l-l4 in Fig. 11 andshowins the indicating, line spacing and platen lifting mechanisms.

Fig. 15 is a detail view of a section taken along the left end of the platen lifting bar.

Fig. 16 is a sectional view of the platen with the associated pressure feed rollers and paper stops in the positions they assume when the platen is in the lower position.

Fig. 17 is a perspective view of a representative portion of the adding and subtracting mechanism of the accumulator.

Fig. 18 is an elevation view of the elusive unit entry device of the accumulator.

Fig. 19 is a sectional view showing the photoelectric devices for reading the balance code representations on a ledger sheet.

Fig. 20 is a detail view of the type faces on a balance code typebar.

Fig. 21 shows the type face on the entry control bar.

Fig. 22 is a perspective view of portions of code bars shown adjacent partoi a regular numeral typebar.

Fig. 23 is a timing diagram of the operating controls of the machine.

Figs. 24a, 24b, 24c and 2411 together form a wiring diagram of the electrical controls of the machine.

The balance code printing devices, photoelectric balance reading devices and the adding controls of the present invention are coordinated with a ledger sheet posting control mechanism of the form revealed in Patent 2,297,743, filed August 22, 1936, by Fred M. Carroll et a1. All devices are incorporated in a tabulating machine of the kind disclosed in Patent No. 2,126,621. The machine is designed to sense the data representations on perforated recordcards, print a record and add the numeral data thereof. The cards are arranged in groups according to group numbers perforated therein, and the machine may be set for listing to print a record of the data on each card of a group, or for tabulating control so that there is printed only a d of the total amounts of the groups. Each group number usually corresponds with, or relates to, some ledger number which identifies an account. The tabulating machine exercises control over operation of the ledger posting sheet feeding denumber of the cards about to be sensed. When 16 the tabulator is operating under tabulating control, the ledger sheet ejecting means is operated 1 after total printing on each group change.

The ledger posting devices in turn, exercise control over operation of the tabulator. The starting oi card feeding operation is automatically delayed until the platen is lowered into the print receiving position, following cessation of high speed sheet feeding and line spacing, and after the balance, which is recorded in code on the ledger sheet, has been read and entered into the balance receiving accumulator. After a control break, the group control devices are reenergized under control of contacts closed as the platen is raised for the insertion of a ledger sheet. Other novel controls and interlocks between the regular machine structures. the balance entry devices and the ledger posting devices are described hereinafter.

Before describing the structure and operation of the balance entry devices with reference to the manner in which the code representations are printed, analyzed and added, it is believed well to describe in a general way the cooperating portions of the tabulator and the ledger posting devices so that the coordination of the balance entry devices therewith may be more readily understood.

The tabulating machine of Patent 2,126,621 to which the features of the present invention are applied is similar in most respects to the machine shown in Patent No. 1,976,617, issued October 9, 1934. This latter patent illustrates and explains in more extensive detail the manner of organization and mode of operation of the various units of a well known type of tabulating machine. In the present machine the reset motor RM of the Lake and Daly machine is omitted and the resetting mechanism is driven from the main driving motor, known as the tabulating motor, to thus constitute a single motor machine. In the present application, these mechanisms will be explained in only as much detail as will be macessary to explain the manner in which the objects of the invention may be realized.

Card feeding mechanism The card feeding mechanism shown in Fig. l is similar to the usual feed devices except that provision is made in the form of a clutching device for interrupting the card feeding operations without stopping the accumulating drive mechanism. The card analyzing brushes are indicated at UB and LB and the record cards R are successively advanced by picker s to pairs of feed rollers it, which serve to advance the cards past the upper and lower brushes in succession. The shafts upon which rollers it are mounted are provided with gears at their extremities and arranged as shown for operation by a main driving gear it which is freely mounted upon a shaft 8 and which has connection with an arm i5 through a sleeve 1. Arm l5 carries spring-pressed clutching dog I 8 normally held in the position shown by an armature latch I! which is controlled by the clutch magnet l8. Between gear II and arm l5 are a gear l3 and a clutch driving disk It freely rotatable upon the sleeve 1. Gear II has gear train connections generally designated I2 with the pulley shaft 6 which is in operation as long as the main driving motor is operative. Energizetion of magnet l 8 will trip dog l6 into engagement cause cards to be advanced past the brushes UB and LB and feeding operations will continue as long as magnet l8 remains energized. During balance entryand total taking cycles of operation, magnet I8 is deenergized and card feeding will not take place during such cycles.

Printing mechanism The numeral printing mechanism is shown in Fig. 1b where the usual so-called listing shaft l8 carries a clutch driving element 20. Shaft I! has direct driving connection with the constantly running shaft 8 (Fig. 1) so that clutch driving element 28 may rotate continuously. The listing cam 2| is freely carried on the shaft l9 and provided with a spring-pressed clutching dog 22 adapted for engagement with the driving element 28. Dog 22 is normally held out of engagement by arm 23 controlled by magnet 24. Energization of magnet 24 will permit cam 2| to rotate with the listing shaft I9, and follower arm 25 will cause oscillation of rocker shaft 25 to which are secured arms 25' link-connected to the reciprocating crosshead 28 so that for each revolution of cam 2|, crosshead 28 will be moved upwardly and then down again to its initial position. Slidingly mounted in the crosshead are numeral typebars 29'spring urged into movement with the crosshead as it rises. As typebar 28 moves upwardly, ratchet teeth 88 successively pass the nose of a stopping pawl 38 as the digit type elements 3| successively pass the printing position opposite platen 52. Energization of printing control magnet 38 as the typebar moves upwardly, will draw call wire 35 toward the right to rock latch 84 out of engagement with stopping pawl 83 whereby the nose of the latter will engage one of the teeth 30 and interrupt further upward movement of the typebar. The upward movement of the typebar is synchronized with the movementof the record card past the analyzing brushes, and a perforation sensed by the brushes will energize the magnet 38 to interrupt the typebar with the type element 3| corresponding to the value of the digit represented by the analyzed perforation in printing position. Before the crosshead 28 moves downwardly, the usual printing hammers are tripped to take an impression from the selected type elements.

Cam 2| controls the movement of the crosshead 28 during both listing and total taking operations. The provision of magnet 24 and associated clutching devices together with the controlling circuits, which will be described in connection with the circuit diagram, permit the use of cam 2| for all printing purposes.

Accumulating mechanism The machine is provided with one or more accumulators for adding and subtracting the entered data values to secure the amount of positive or negative balances. In Fig. 17 is shown a perspective view disclosing a representative order of an accumulator with its number entering controls. A drive shaft is directly geared to pulley shaft 6 of Fig. 1 so that it is in operation as long as the driving motor of the machine functions and the driving ratio is such that shaft makes one revolution for each card feeding cycle of the machine. Shaft I has slidably mounted thereon, but keyed for rotation therewith, a. clutch element 2, one for each denominational order of the accumulator. The element 2 is provided with a groove into which fits the end of the short arm of a lever 3 which is pivoted as shown and provided with a block 4 normally abutting an armature latch 8 of adding magnet 44. A leaf spring 48 bears against the extremity of the longer arm of lever 2 and moves the same in a counterclockwise direction upon release of block 4 by armature 4. This movement will bring clutching member 2 into engagement with cooperating teeth 88 integral with a gear 48 loosely mounted on shaft Gear 48, when thus coupled to shaft I, will rotate a gear 48 which meshes therewith and will displace the accumulator index wheel 41.

The rearward extremity of lever 3 is adapted to be engaged by a finger 48 toward the end of the cycle for the purpose of disengaging clutch element 2 from teeth 89 and re-latching block 4 on armature 5.

Briefly summarizing the adding operation, the magnet 44 may be energized at various points in the cycle of the machine, depending upon the location of a perforation in a column of the record card R, Fig. 9, analyzed by the lower brushes LB. This energization may take place in response to a perforation in any of the index point positions from 9 to l, inclusive. A perforation in the 9 index point position will trip the clutch element 2 nine steps before finger 48 is operated to declutch it; and a perforation in the 1 index point position will trip the clutch element 2 one step before ,it is declutched by the finger 48. Each step of clutching engagement corresponds to a tenth of a revolution of the accumulator index wheel 41 so that a 9 hole will move it ninetenth of a revolution and a "1" hole will move it one-tenth of a revolution. The manner in which circuits through the lower brushes control the operation of magnet 44 will be set forth in connection with the explanation of the circuit diagram.

Carry mechanism Each wheel 41 has associated therewith a carry cam 22, Fig. 18, which cooperates with a pawl 21 pivoted on a latch arm 38. When the wheel 41 passes through the zero position, a high tooth of the carry cam 82 will engage and rock down its pawl 31 which, through an extension thereon, presses down a latch 4| normally holding the arm 88 of the next higher order. When released, arm 38 is moved by spring 42 to operate pawl 37 and engage a tooth on cam 32 to turn the wheel one step.

Subtracting mechanism In the operation of the subtracting accumulator, the entry of the nine complement of a number to be subtracted is effected by initially tripping all the adding magnets 44 as though to add nines in each position and causing the perforation in the record card to de-clutch the adding mechanism in accordance with the location of the perforation. This will result in the addition of the nine complement of the number. The elusive one is added into the units order of the accumulator independently to thereby change the nine complement to a ten complement. For ex-- ample, if an 8 is to be subtracted in a particular order, the related adding magnet 44 is tripped at the 9 position in the cycle of the machine and the index wheel will commence to rotate. At the next index point position, which is 8, the perforation will, through the mechanism to be presently described, cause de-clutching of the mechanism after the index wheel 41 has turned through one step with the result that a one is added into the index wheel, representative of the nine complement of 8. The mechanism for effecting this de-clutching action will now be de- 

